Antibacterial Activity Test of Brotowali Stem (Tinospora Crispa Linn) Ethanol Extract and Chloroform Fraction against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Skin is the outermost organ that functions to protect the body from various microbial threats, including Staphylococcus aureus , which can cause skin infections. The increasing resistance to synthetic antibiotics has prompted the search for natural antibacterial alternatives, such as Tinospora crispa L. (brotowali) stem extract. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and chloroform fraction of Tinospora crispa L. against Staphylococcus aureus , and to compare their effectiveness. The methods used include extraction with 96% ethanol, chloroform fractionation, and the disc diffusion antibacterial assay. The inhibition zones were observed for 1x24 hours and 2x24 hours, and the data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests. The results showed that the higher the extract concentration, the larger the inhibition zone produced. After 1x24 hours of observation, the ethanol extract produced average inhibition zones of 10.13 mm (10%), 11.17 mm (15%), and 12.13 mm (20%), while after 2x24 hours, the inhibition zones were 10.34 mm (10%), 11.37 mm (15%), and 12.28 mm (20%). For the chloroform fraction, the average inhibition zones after 1x24 hours were 8.82 mm (10%), 9.61 mm (15%), and 10.04 mm (20%), and after 2x24 hours were 9.41 mm (10%), 10.11 mm (15%), and 10.77 mm (20%). Statistical analysis showed a significance value < 0.05 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between concentrations. The Post Hoc test showed that all concentrations of the ethanol extract were significantly different, but for the chloroform fraction, the 10% vs 15% and 15% vs 20% comparisons were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). This indicates that an increase in chloroform fraction concentration does not always result in a statistically significant increase in the inhibition zone.