Anti-inflammatory Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Laruna Leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) Using Protein Denaturation Inhibition Method

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata L. leaves are medicinal plants widely utilized by communities in tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is used to treat leech bites, burns, skin infections, and soft tissue injuries. In addition, the leaves are also used to manage diarrhea, malaria, diabetes, and wounds due to their beneficial content of proteins, carbohydrates, and fiber. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves using the protein denaturation inhibition method in vitro. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The activity test was conducted at five concentration variations: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm. The results demonstrated that anti-inflammatory activity began to appear at a concentration of 30 ppm, while at 50 ppm the inhibition value reached 29.92%. This value indicates that the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, as it has exceeded the minimum activity threshold of ≥20%. The IC₅₀ value obtained was negative (-8.251 ppm), which is scientifically invalid and cannot be used to describe the extract’s activity potential at low concentration ranges. Nevertheless, anti-inflammatory activity became clearly evident at a concentration of 50 ppm.